Beneficial role of allicin from garlic in cervical cancer

Introduction: Cervical cancer remains a global health concern for females. Thus, in order to control cervical cancer, attempts are being made by researchers globally to somehow induce programmed cell death in the said cancerous cells. Wide spectrums of molecules are being probed for its ability to induce apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. Focus has now shifted in exploring natural compounds having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules that may induce apoptosis in cancerous cells. Thus, we have employed allicin from garlic- a natural antioxidant, to probe the above in the present study.
Objective: To probe whether or not allicin from garlic, a natural antioxidant, induces apoptosis in monocytes from patients with cervical cancer.
Results: Allicin (500 ng/ml) reduced cell viability to 27% after 24 hours of treatment. Moreover, allicin-induced apoptosis was ascertained by measuring the activity of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9-like proteases in allicin treated and untreated monocytes from cervical cancer patients. Monocyte co-cultured with allicin for 24 hrs exhibited higher activity of caspase-3 followed by caspase-8 and caspase-9 like proteases, thereby indicating that the activation of caspase-3 like proteases was associated with reduced cell survival and apoptotic death of allicin-treated cervical cancer monocytes. This was ascertained by pre-treatment of cancer cells with cell permeable inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (caspase-3 inhibitor), Z-IETD-FMK (caspase-8 inhibitor) and Z-LEHD-FMK (caspase-9 inhibitor) followed by allicin for 24 hrs (p<0.001). In this case, the cell viability assay showed that the presence of Z-VAD-FMK inhibitor blocked the effect of allicin on the viability of cancer monocytes (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Allicin from garlic may act as an adjunct in the chemotherapy of cervical cancer.
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INTERAKSI PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN SEKOLAH STANDAR NASIONAL STUDI SITUS DI SMA 1 CEPU KABUPATEN BLORA

Kegiatan pembelajaran sekolah standar nasional harus berpedoman pada Standar Proses yang diatur dalam Peraturan menteri Pendidikan Nasional nomor 41 tahun 2007. Berdasarkan data Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Departemen Pendidikan Nasional diketahui 32,9% guru SMA ijazahnya mismscht dengan tugas mengajarnya. Hal ini bisa berdampak terhadap kualitas interaksi pembelajaran di sekolah. Tujuan penelitian ini (1) mendeskripsikan karakteristik interaksi guru dengan siswa dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di SMA 1 Cepu; (2) mendeskripsikan karakteristik interaksi siswa dengan siswa dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di SMA 1 Cepu Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Sumber data digali dari informan (narasumber), arsip dan dokumen. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam, dokumentasi, dan pengamatan. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan model Miles dan Huberman. Aktivitasnya meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan dan verivikasi. Untuk menguji keabsahan data digunakan empat teknik yaitu perpanjangan keikutsertaan, keajegan pengamatan, triangulasi, dan pemeriksaan sejawat. Karakteristik interaksi guru dengan siswa dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di SMA 1 Cepu (1) guru menyusun rencana kegiatan pembelajaran dalam RPP yang menggambarkan rencana interaksi pembelajaran hanya pokokpokoknya saja, (2) interaksi guru dengan siswa berlangsung dalam kegiatan pendahuluan, inti, dan penutup, (3) bentuk interaksi guru dengan siswa tercermin dalam kegiatan dialog langsung, pemberian kesempatan siswa untuk bertanya atau berpendapat, serta penggunaan isyarat, (4) guru mengajak siswa menyanyi atau menghayati lirik lagu tertentu yang berkaitan dengan materi pembelajaran, untuk memudahkan penanaman nilai. Karakteristik interaksi siswa dengan siswa dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di SMA 1 Cepu (1) interaksi antar siswa ada yang berlangsung secara spontan dan ada yang berlangsung mengikuti skenario pembelajaran dari guru, (2) penggunaan metode diskusi memberi kesempatan lebih banyak kepada siswa untuk saling berinteraksi dibanding ceramah bervariasi, (3) interaksi spontan antara lain siswa bertanya sesuatu pada temannya, siswa membisiki jawaban pertanyaan guru, siswa bicara sendiri saat diskusi, (4) interaksi mengikuti skenario guru antara lain siswa bekerjasama mengubah formasi tempat duduk, siswa berdiskusi dalam kelompok, antar kelompok menyajikan hasil diskusi dan saling menanggapi hasil kelompok lain

Implementation of Quality Control

Quality control is a procedure for examining the problems, work processes as well as making improvements preceding to transport of products. In the global markets, the rising competition between manufacturers and producers has guided firms in recognizing the competitive benefits. However, in the previous eras, the importance has been attentive on the continuous upgrading of quality for the success of several kinds of business in present and future. Employing a universal quality assurance background will help in more effective organization and improve the quality of statistical output in international organizations. Quality values are an essential part of the quality system. They are deliberated to support regulatory requirements of the laboratories, including monitor laboratory functions and local health regulations, thus confirming the safety of the local health regulations and reliability of performance. This chapter highlights the elements essential for effective implementation of quality control

INHERITANCE WITH DIFFERENT RELIGIONS IN COUNTER LEGAL DRAFT OF ISLAMIC LAW COMPILATION: LEGAL EPISTEMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Islamic inheritance in Counter Legal Draft of Islamic Law Compilation (CLD-KHI) is still an unfinished discussion. Legal reconstruction and contextualization in the modern era have made CLDK interesting to be raised to the surface. Reformulation of Islamic law in various legal constructs seems to be reviewed. This can be seen in several courts, even in jurisprudence that has provided opportunities for an inheritance to non-Muslims. This study is classified as a literature study, which focuses on legal epistemology based on Islamic inheritance in CLDK. This study found that religious differences as a barrier to the inheritance process have maqashid al-shariah in Islam and the value of justice and humanity. Correspondingly, critical and in-depth elaboration of the study of the epistemology of the inheritance law of different religions needs to continue to be developed towards a more comprehensive and constructive paradigm and renewal. Thus, the direction and purpose of Islamic law do not release the essential values that have become the spirit of Islam. This study implies that in the formation of human souls. They are able to portray themselves ideally as the caliph of Allah, on the face of the earth, which always has a sensitivity to every gap and structural and cultural injustice and to realize Islam as rahmatan li al-‘alamin (mercy to the worlds). That needs to be realized in the nine priorities (nawacita) of inheritance law in the establishment of inheritance law in Indonesia.Keywords: Legal Epistemology, Inheritance with different religion, CLD-KHI

Recognizing Hindu orientalism

This essay proposes Hindu Orientalism as a central category of analysis across disciplines. It begins by demonstrating how the claim to decolonize India is in fact (re/neo)colonial in many ways as it recasts Western Orientalism in the catalogue of Hindu Orientalism to shape India as well as the world. To this end, it critically engages with Hallaq’s (2018) Restating Orientalism. The first part of the essay identifies three important theses in Hallaq’s text. In part two, it examines the third thesis to mark its comparative contraction, namely, the non-treatment of Sheldon Pollock’s contention about an indigenous form of Orientalism in the premodern Sanskrit culture. Contra Hallaq, the essay, then, proceeds to propose what it calls Hindu Orientalism–a practice analogous to Hallaq’s description of Israeli Orientalism. It takes the cases of Dalits, tribes and Muslims to illustrate the working of Hindu Orientalism. An important aim of the essay is to stress that contemporary Indian religious-cultural politics is predicated on a deep, long knowledge-power configuration the significance of which is not recognized yet. It concludes by highlighting the role of anthropology in de-colonizing knowledge–a concern important to Hallaq as well as to Said both of whom, however, often viewed anthropology unfavourably

SYNTHESIS, DESIGN, AND EVALUATION OF THE FLUORESCENT DETECTION OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS(PCBs) IN AQUEOUS SYSTEM

The exposure to halogenated persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), has been linked to numerous inflammatory diseases, including diabetes, cancer and lowered immune response. PCBs have low solubility in water, and they interact with other contaminants, making their detection quite challenging. While, there have been several attempts at improving the ease of detection and sensing of PCBs, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) remains the gold standard. However, despite its ubiquitous use, GC-MS is a challenging technique that requires high skill and careful sample preparation, which are time-consuming and costly. As such, there is still a need to develop a sensing system that can detect PCBs in a more efficient manner. In this work, we hypothesize that the dilute concentration of PCBs in water can be detected using a fluorescent displacement assay. To test this hypothesis, we screened a series of fluorescent molecules that were used as a fluorescence quenching pair. The displacement pair(BaP/curcumin) was evaluated in polymer microparticles (MPs) for higher sensitivity. Curcumin was immobilized to the MPs and BaP was kept free for easy displacement in the solution. MPs indicate good binding of BaP that does not come off in the solution. However, BaP displaces from the MPs in the presence of PCB. The enhanced signal of BaP indicates the presence of a novel hydrophobic interaction between BaP and PCB in water. This hydrophobic interaction leads to the successful detection of PCB. BaP fluorescence increases with trace concentrations of PCBs in water. To determine the selectivity and robustness of this response, the impact of pH, ionic strength and humic acid to mimic freshwater conditions are explored. BaP was able to detect PCBs in the micromolar range. The fluorescent dye was then immobilized on the polymer network for enhanced sensitivity and recovery. For this purpose, BaP analog pyrene is used, which behaves similar to BaP in water with PCB. This molecule was functionalized into the monomer and is polymerized into the hydrophilic polymer network for pH-based swelling, to allow PCBs within its network for the interaction with pyrene. These MPs are characterized using different techniques and their interaction with PCBs was studied

IMPLEMENTASI PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK PADA PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS DAN PENGUASAAN KONSEP SISWA SMA

Penelitian ini mengenai implementasi pendekatan saintifik pada pembelajaran fisika yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pembelajaran pendekatan saintifik dan gambaran peningkatan keterampilan proses sains dan penguasaan konsep siswa SMA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pre-eksperimental dengan desain penelitian OneGroup Pretest-Posttest Design. Subjek penelitian adalah 31 siswa kelas X di salahsatu SMA di Kota Bandung. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar observasi keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik, tes keterampilan proses sains, dan tes penguasaan konsep. Peningkatan keterampilan proses sains dan penguasaan konsep ditentukan dengan menghitung nilai gain yang dinormalisasi dan diinterpretasikan berdasarkan kategori menurut Hake berdasarkan hasil pretest dan posttest. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keterlaksanaan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik hampir seluruh aktivitas terlaksana. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan keterampilan proses sains dan penguasaan konsep mengalami peningkatan. Keterampilan proses sains meningkat dengan perolehan skor sebesar 0,74 yang termasuk kategori tinggi sedangkan pengusaan konsep meningkat dengan perolehan skor sebesar 0,70 yang termasuk kategori sedang. Kata kunci: Pendekatan Saintifik, Keterampilan Proses Sains, Penguasaan Konsep   The researchabout implementation of the scientific approach to the study of physics which aims to reveal the scientific approach to learning and pattern enhancement science process skills and concept mastery of high school students. This research using Pre-experimental research methods with one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 31 students of class X in one of thehigh school in Bandung. Instruments used is observation sheet for evaluate implementation of scientific approach, science process skills test, and concepts mastery test. Increase science process skills and concepts mastery is determined by calculating of normalized gain and category interpreted according to Hake based pretest and posttest result. The results showed scientific approach has been implemented with almost all activities carried out. The results also showed science process skills and conceptsmastery has increase. Science process skills increase with normalized gain of by 0.74is high category while increasing the concept mastery with normalized gain of a score by 0.70is medium category. Keywords: Scientific Approaches, Science Process Skills, ConceptMaster

A contrastive analysis of arabic and english passive voice in Al-Quran Surah Al-Baqarah translated by Abdullah Yusuf Ali

English and Arabic have some differences and similarities particularly in passive voice as the part of the study sentence. The passive voice has special characteristic which often makes the learners confused to understand. Therefore, the writer is interested in analyzing passive voice in English and Arabic with the research questions: (1) How is the construction of Arabic passive sentence in al-Quran surah al-Baqarah? (2) How is the construction of English passive sentence in al-Quran surah al-Baqarah translated by Abdullah Yusuf ‘Ali? (3) What are the similarities and the differences of the construction of Arabic passive sentence in al-Quran surah al-Baqarah and the construction of English passive sentence in al-Quran surah al-Baqarah translated by Abdullah Yusuf ,Ali? In this research, the writer uses descriptive qualitative and comparative method with the grand theories used to analyze the data are from Murphy (1991) and Wright (1974). The results of the research point out that the construction of Arabic passive voice in Al-Quran surah al baqarah is variable. There are three kinds of passive sentence in the construction of the data above. Meanwhile, the construction of English passive voice in Al-Quran surah al-Baqarah translated by Abdullah Yusuf ‘Ali is founded some categories in the passive construction, five kinds of the passive forms. Furthermore, it is found the similarities and the differences between Arabic and English passive voice in al-Quran surah al-Baqarah translated by Abdullah Yusuf ‘Ali in the use of subject and verb. The results of the research can be concluded that Arabic passive voice is more difficult to be understood than English passive voice. There are a lot of rules in grammatical Arabic, one of that rules is how the transformation of an irregular verb from the active to become the passive verb